What exactly is a transistor and how does a transistor work?
In simple terms,
a transistor can be interpreted as a device that will flow and disconnect the
electric current in the absence of a driving mechanic. But it's not that
simple, there is still an understanding and how to work even more complex. For more details, you must listen to the explanation below.
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What Is a Transistor?
A transistor is
an electronic component with various functions ranging from breakers,
connectors, voltage modulation, and signal modulation. But not only that, the
transistor also functions as an electric faucet. In this case, the transistor
can perform an accurate diversion of electricity coming from a power source.
In addition,
transistors are also one of the very important components in electronics in
modern times. One example of its use in analog circuits is in amplifiers. The
analog circuit consists of stabilizers, radio signal amplifiers, and
loudspeakers.
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Types of Transistors
You know, it
turns out that transistors also have their own types based on their function.
When reviewed based on their function, the types of transistors consist of five
types as follows.
1. Small Signal Transistor
A small signal transistor is a type of universal transistor that has a
gain of 10 to 500 and a collector current between 80mA to 600mA. Generally,
small signal transistors are only used on circuits that amplify small signals.
Even small signal transistors are often used as switches. Even so, this
transistor has better efficiency and is able to work up to 30 MHz
2. Small Switching Transistor
Small Switching Transistors or transistors for small current switches are
transistors that have specifications similar to small signal transistors. However, when compared to the previous transistor, the
small switching transistor has a much higher speed. This is what makes
Small Switching Transistors often used to run electronic declarations.
3. Power Transistor
Power transistors or high-power transistors are transistors used for power
amplifiers such as voltage amplifiers and current amplifiers. The power transistor can work at high currents so that it generates heat at the time of work.
Therefore, the power transistor is made with metal packaging and
attached aluminum cooling to the back.
4. High Frequency Transistor
The next
transistor is a high frequency transistor or a high-frequency
transistor. Transistors of this type are used only for working on
high-frequency circuits. In general, high frequency transistors are used
for radio, smartphones, and televisions.
5. Phototransistors
The last type of
transistor is a phototransistor or phototransistor which is a
transistor with a unique function. In shape, phototransistors are not much
different from other transistors. The only thing that distinguishes it is the periphery through which there is glass for light to pass through.
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How Transistors Work
Transistors are
non-linear devices so they have a way of working in 4 different modes. Here is
the answer.
- Cut-off. The transistor works as an open circuit, so there
is no current flowing into the emitter to the collector.
- Saturation. The transistor acts
as a short circuit, which makes the current from the collector to the
emitter flow freely.
- Active. The current directly
proportional to the current flowing to the base is the current from the
collector to the emitter.
- Reverse active. Inversely
proportional to the previous mode, the current flows inversely from the
emitter to the collector.
In addition, If
the type of transistor seen from the function consists of 5 as described above,
then in general the transistor is divided into two namely bipolar and JFET or
Junction FET. The workings of these two transistors are also different. To find
out more about how these two transistors work, please continue to explain
below.
1. How Bipolar Transistors Work
Bipolar
transistors are one of the most popular types of transistors so they are widely
used. This bipolar transistor consists of 3 legs namely the emitter, base, and
collector. In the leg, there is a barrier voltage of about 0.5 to 0.7 V which means
that it takes a minimum electrical voltage of 0.5 to 0.7 to be able to make the
electric current flow through the legs of the bipolar transistor.
The way bipolar
transistors work is by making active components and three terminals made of
semiconductor materials can act as insulators and conductors. This way of
working is what makes bipolar transistors often used for switches or
amplifiers.
2. How JFET Transistors Work
JFET transistors
or junction field effect transistors are transistors that use voltage at
their input terminals. This kind of thing in the world of electronic circuits
is known as a gate. This gate will produce an output current comparable to
controlling the current that will flow through the legs of the component
terminals. This is what makes JFET transistors also known as transistors that
can regulate voltage.
Similar to
bipolar transistors, JFET transistors also have three terminal legs made of
semiconductor materials. However, the three have different names, namely
gate, source, and drain. In addition, the three terminals also
have unique characteristics that can flow current to the drain and source areas. However, the current flowed is controlled by a certain voltage given to
the gate.
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Transistor function
Then what are the
functions of transistors? Let's find the answer together below.
1. Switch
The first
function of the transistor is as an electronic switch. This happens because
transistors can regulate the bias from one transistor to another. Therefore, a
short connection can be obtained between the connector legs.
2. Current Amplifier
The next function
of the transistor is the current amplifier. However, to be able to amplify the
current, the transistor must get used to a constant voltage. This is very
necessary so that the emitter that comes out with a voltage of a fixed
magnitude.
3. DC Motor Driver
The last function
of the transistor is as a DC motor driver. The DC motor can be on or off if the
transistor is in a cut off state. In addition, the transistor also serves as a
determinant of the direction of rotation of dc.
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